Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy

Reality in Jean Genet’s ‘the Balcony’ Essay Essays

Reality in Jean Genet’s ‘the Balcony’ Essay Essays Reality in Jean Genet’s ‘the Balcony’ Essay Essay Reality in Jean Genet’s ‘the Balcony’ Essay Essay Jean Genet’s Le Balcon ( or The Balcony ) is an absurdist drama in which the chief construction is the â€Å"philosophical conflict between semblance and reality† ( Savona 1983: 76 ) and this essay will look into some of the degrees of world within an absurdist and existential philosopher context in Genet’s drama. The drama itself â€Å"offers a stunningly theatrical geographic expedition of the relationship between phantasy and reality† ( Patterson 2005: 32 ) whilst besides seeking â€Å"to negate world itself† ( Innes 2001: 438 ) . Whilst besides trying to transform world into a fantasy universe in which its characters can get away the discouragement of day-to-day life. it is â€Å"also designed to be a moving drama which†¦ keeps the audience aware that it is a play† they are watching and non leting them to acquire lost in the universe of semblance. phantasy and desire that the characters are trapped in ( Reck 1962: 23 ) . This echoes a technique used as portion of Brecht’s Verfremdungseffekt. and by maintaining the witness at a critical distance. they become perceivers and therefore can larn something about their ain lives and the universe in which they live. The drama is set in Madame Irma’s Maison d’illusions ( or house of semblances ) which to the witness is clearly a whorehouse. but non a whorehouse in the conventional sense. In the whorehouse. work forces of mundane walks of life ( for illustration a pipe fitter ) act out sexual phantasies with the adult females that work at that place. Their sexual phantasies are by no agencies conventional either. for illustration the ‘clients’ of the whorehouses take on the character of powerful work forces. viz. a bishop. an executioner. a justice and a general. From the expounding of the drama. it is ill-defined that the bishop isn’t really a bishop as the costume. duologue and action of the bishop are wholly reliable aside from the fact that the powerful characters â€Å"tower over all the other histrions every bit good as the audience† ( McMahon 1963: 110 ) . This is visually unrealistic and takes the witness off from pragmatism right from the oncoming. yet somehow pull them into this universe of semblance. The sexual Acts of the Apostless were intended by Genet to incorporate significance and non to be realistic. They are merely projections. a series of images of adult male trapped in a hall of mirrors. non trying to convey naturalism in the slightest ( McMahon 1963: 176 ) and the characters’ â€Å"performance becomes contemplations of reflections† ( Innes 2001: 438 ) . As Esslin provinces in his The Theatre of the Absurd. â€Å"there are no characters in the conventional sense†¦merely the images of basic impulses and impulses† ( Esslin 2001: 22 ) . Image is of cardinal importance in the drama ; it is everything â€Å"for the deeper one moves into images the less danger there will be of reality’s coming back to oppugn the veracity of the images† ( McMahon 1963: 162 ) . One of the cardinal subjects of the drama is the flight from world. and as T. S Eliot wrote â€Å"human sort can non bear much reality† ( 1964: 69 ) . one of the cardinal messages Genet is seeking to portray in his drama. There is a strong sense of the histrion unifying with the character in The Balcony ( Savona 1983: 86 ) . or the character unifying with the phantasy characters they attempt to portray in the whorehouse. or characters they so long to be. even for merely an hr or so. This unauthentic relationship between world and phantasy reflects human nature and life itself – we have all at some point aspired. or even wished that we could be person else. person with power or regard. However as McMahon suggests â€Å"there is no aspiration within the motive of these people to be bishop. justice or general ; the bound of their aspirations knows its scope. and the cutting off point†¦is the thin line between pretension and reality† ( 1963: 160 ) . The drama takes a bend when the clients of the whorehouse are forced to take on the characters they are feigning to be for existent. It is at this point that the semblance is destroyed and the work forces of mundane life no longer want the functions they are playing. For them. the functions are now excessively realistic and there is no flight from them – the relationship between world and phantasy has become reliable. When the characters are moving out their functions in the existent universe. they are no longer comforted by their imaginativeness ; they are faced with the rough world of life. the one thing that they have sought to get away in the first topographic point. This is reinforced by the fact the characters are loath to help the head of constabulary and be â€Å"dragged from their dream universe into the abrasiveness and dangers of reality† ( Thody 1970: 186-187 ) . The revolution outside can be seen as a symbol of existent life. â€Å"Were it non for the revolution. the assorted characters could go on to play their games in the enclosed a-historical ambiance provided for them†¦but the revolution is at that place. and threatens at any minute to destruct their universe of semblance completely† ( Thody 1970: 179 ) . During the drama. assorted sounds of gunshot can be heard in the background of the scenes – A menace from the existent universe outside reminding the characters they have tried to get away life and whilst this may be successful for the hr they are in the whorehouse. existent life is still traveling out outdoors. â€Å"Machine gun fire efforts to sabotage the thaumaturgy of semblance created and reflects Brecht’s distancing effect† ( Savona 1983: 89 ) . Once once more Genet forces the witness to retrieve that they are watching a drama. but besides when we all hide behind the frontage of life. or seek and get away world. the existent universe is still really much at big in the background and we can’t ignore this! â€Å"The subject of semblance reaches its flood tide at the very terminal of the action. when Madame Irma comes to the forepart of the phase to remind the audience that they have. after all. merely been watching a play† ( Thody 1970: 185 ) . The witness is all of a sudden brought back to ‘the existent word’ holding witnessed histrions playing characters. characters playing characters. characters playing people. The audience has taken the journey through Madam Irma’s ‘house of illusions’ . and has been presented with a theatrical projection of humanity through many planes of world. She tells the audience â€Å"you must now travel place. where everything – you can be rather certain – will be falser than here†¦You must now go† ( Genet 1966: 96 ) . She has highlighted that as worlds we have a inclination to conceal behind the frontage of life. to travel along with what we are told and what we see. therefore taking life for granted. We so think back to the characters in the drama and gain how they are merely projections of ourselves. â€Å"Genet proclaims the semblance of world and the world of illusion† ( Nelson 1963: 61 ) . For the witness and the characters â€Å"reality has become indiscernible from illusion† ( Nelson 1963: 65 ) and the audience must inquire themselves where does reality stop and pretension Begins. BIBLIOGRAPHY Eliot. T. S. . Murder in the Cathedral ( Fort Washington PA: Harvest Books. 1964 ) Esslin. Martin. The Theatre of the Absurd. 3rd Edition ( London: Metheun. 2001 ) . Genet. Jean. The Balcony ( New York: Grove Press. 1966 ) Innes. Christopher. ‘Theatre After Two World Wars’ . in The Oxford Illustrated History of the Theatre. erectile dysfunction. by John Russell Brown ( Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001 ) . pp. 380-444. Macquarrie. John. Existentialism ( Baltimore: Pelican Books. 1972 ) McMahon. Joseph H. . The Imagination of Jean Genet ( New Haven: Yale University Press. 1963 ) Nelson. Banjamin. ‘The Balcony and Parisian Existentialism’ . The Tulane Drama Review. 7:3 ( 1963 ) . 60-79. Oswald. Laura. Jean Genet and the Semiotics of Performance ( Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 1989 ) Patterson. Michael. The Oxford Dictionary of Plays ( Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005 ) Reck. Rima Drell. ‘Appearance and Reality in Genet’s Le Balcon’ . The New Dramatists. 29:1 ( 1962 ) . 20-25. Savona. Jeannette L. . Jean Genet ( London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press. 1983 ) Styan. J. L. . The English Stage ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996 ) Thody. Philip. Jean Genet: A Survey of His Novels and Plays ( New York: Stein and Day. 1970 ) .

Decisions at the End of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisions at the End of Life - Essay Example The mode of Palliative care i.e. the comprehensive care of the patients whose disease is not responding to cure in today's scenario should be done only by proper practice procedures to safeguard the concerns of the physician, nurses and the patient. Studies have conformed that patients want information about their illness and end of life choices (McSkimming et.al, 1994). The case of Nancy Curzon helped enormously to the evolution of 'laws on medical practice'. Nancy Curzon was a young woman involved in a car crash after which she remained in a persistent vegetative state. Inspite of a three year legal battle by her family to have her feeding tube removed to let her die, the U.S Supreme court decided that a state requires a "Clear and Convincing Evidence" of the patient's wishes before withdrawal of life-support. This gave rise to the 'Patient's Self-Determination Act, Dec. 1991'. The intent of this legislation is to encourage people to prepare 'Advance directives' in which they indic ate their wishes concerning the degree of supportive care to be provided if they become incapacitated. 'Advance directives' are legal documents that specify a patient's wishes before hospitalization and provi

Reflection of Slingshot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reflection of Slingshot - Essay Example All the elements to make faster cars were present including the know how to build one. It all begun in Southern California in the 1940s coming from depression with children coming out of age. In addition, United States just came from war where most of its youngsters came from the military who received education from the military on how to create hot rods. Through this education from the military, they were able to incorporate better techniques to make faster cars such as hot rods which eventually evolve to drag race cars. And of course given with a strong economy and know how about motors (cars were invented in the United States) these youths with plenty of energy, spare cash and ingenuity created fast cars which were known as slingshots. Of course, it was first built to be crude just like the Ford’s T-Model and others resembles a sedan only that they ran faster. The races were first done in the street (and therefore illegal) until it evolved to an activity in the 1950s. It further evolved where regulatory bodies were established as well the support of big companies that made the sport not only a successful spectator sport but also a successful commercial sport. The evolution of drag racing to become a spectator sport can be likened to any other endeavor be it in sport, organization or companies. It started as a hobby or a recreation and engaged by few enthusiasts. Over time and with energy and support, it eventually grew and embraced by everybody to become a successful sport. Reflecting on this development gives one an idea that anything really is possible given the talent, inclination, energy and resources. As a student, it inspires us that given the know-how, drive and resources, we can also achieve the same feat albeit at a lesser extent. The knowledge learned by those who started the sport came from the military in the same manner

The Financial Planning and Strategies of Firms within the Hotel Essay

The Financial Planning and Strategies of Firms within the Hotel Industry in the U.S - Essay Example The report focused on the forecasts that the industry makes as strategies of growth. This also touched on the business trends exhibited within the sector. The report merged the trends’ comparison with the other industries’ business trends over the past years. Analysis of industrial forecast and a business trend has acted as a measure of market competition among the firms within the global economics. Other analysis within the report included industrial financial scenario. In this analysis, the report undertakes to shed light on the financial management state of the firms and or companies within the hotel industry. From the analysis, it would be possible to provide an overview of the likely context of the industry in the face of scorching global financial recession. Finally, the report gives a broad analysis of the pricing system of the industry’s products and services. Here the analysis included the pricing policies, considerations, and standards. Like any other r esearch report, this report of the research conducted on the operational context of the hotel industry seeks to bring to the knowledge of the policy and decision makers in the hospitality sector, the operational reality on the grounds for allied companies and or firms within the industry. The insights from this report seek to provide a platform for informing decision and policy-making within the hospitality industry with special focus on the hotel and hoteliers in the U.S. It shall also serve to assist as a point reference for planners in the hospitality sector who focus on the strategic planning for the hotels. Planners in the hotel industry, therefore, shall feel enlightened in their endeavors amid likelihood of stiff competition with other industries in the global market.

Virginia Henderson’s Need Based Theory and Implications

Virginia Henderson’s Need Based Theory and Implications Virginia Henderson’s Need Based Theory and  Practice Implications Katherine Rose Virginia Henderson’s Theory of Principles and Practice of Basic Nursing Care According to Nicely and DeLario (2010) Virginia Henderson’s theory, Need Based, which is derived from the Principles and Practice of Nursing is a grand theory that focuses on nursing care and activities of daily living. This theory is appropriate to my future practice setting as a Family Nurse Practitioner within the Emergency Department or Fast Track/Urgent Care setting. This theory is applicable within this setting since â€Å"meeting patient needs in the areas of respiration, nutrition, elimination, body mechanics, rest and sleep, keeping clean and well groomed, controlling the environment, communication, human relations, work, play, and worship (Masters, 2015, p. 384), as these will be advanced nursing care areas that I will need to promote for my patients basic needs. Henderson’s Background and Theory Development Virginia Henderson, born in 1897, was a world renowned Nurse educator, researcher and author of many nursing textbooks whose career spanned 60 years; considered by many as the modern day Florence Nightingale (Masters, 2015). A profound change occurred in her life which was around the time of WW one, during this time her nursing experience evolved while in school which resulted in obtaining a bachelors and a masters in nurse education (Masters, 2015). This experience was able to help her see a vision for basic nursing care with patient focus on patient independence with activities of daily living (ADLs), being the basis of her framework and practice. Henderson became a professor at Yale University where she wrote many nursing textbooks that emphasized nursing care, studies, principles and practice (Masters, 2015). She was able to define her personal nursing theory and create the theory that focused on basic nursing care and patients ADL’s. Encouraged by her nursing research she was able to speak around the world and focused on an international approach for better patient care (Masters, 2015). According to Masters (2015) Virginia Henderson received several honorary degrees during her respectable nursing career which included the Christiane Reimann Prize from the International Council of Nursing. Possible Reference for Theory Due to Virginia Henderson being an author she received a position collecting, reviewing and chronicling every nursing research that has been published allowing her to write volumes on nursing research and studies (Vera, 2014a). This may have allowed her to come up with analytical applications on what nursing was and could have drawn her strengths and assumptions from her review of researched material. Some may say that Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs was the reference to her theory as the needs are somewhat similar of what actions or roles one may be or need assistance with in order for independence and wellbeing. Phenomenon of Nursing and Common Problems The common problems of Virginia Henderson’s need based theory, this theory outlines the 14 components of fundamental nursing care and interventions that patients have or use as part of their independence and ADLs (Masters, 2015). As a future APRN the common problems that are resolved are 14 components that maintain the patient’s physical functions, safety and maintaining a sense of wellbeing and finding oneself in relation to where they see themselves in life (Masters, 2015). Deductive Reasoning for Theory Virginia Henderson utilized scientific method which is considered deductive reasoning to come up with the needs based theory. Deductive reasoning allows for an inquiry decision to arrive at a solution to an issue, an action – reaction system where there is a cause to a component there will be an effect on the component, with independence on its own essence with or without external circumstances (Masters, 2015). According to Masters (2015), Virginia Henderson’s utilized the physical, emotional and mental (psychological components) to deductively arrive to this theory even though she did not intend to imply a new nursing theory; the theory is in relation to Maslow’s theory though Henderson was not aware but the 14 sub-concepts relate and coincide with Maslow’s. Explanation, Definition and Interpretation of Concepts and the Four Metaparadigms Henderson made an assumption of her work that it was not a nursing theory so she did not fully identify her concepts but researchers were able to come up with concepts from her work that actually follow the common metaparadigm’s of nursing which she included within her definition of nursing. According to Masters (2015), Virginia â€Å"did not intend to develop a theory of nursing, she did not develop the interrelated theoretical statements or operational definitions necessary to provide theory testability (p. 390)†. Concepts include person, environment, health and nursing. Person is defined â€Å"as the patient who is composed of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual components (Masters, 2015, p. 387)†. These compositional segments are not separate entities but help to assist the nurses towards interventions for the 14 components of care, the person and family are not separate either but are considered a whole item (Masters, 2015). Virginia Hende rson was able to keep all concepts of theory and definition consistent throughout since they overlapped and interrelated with each other to include a whole person aspect. Environment is important to a person’s perception of health and wellbeing but can also affect a person’s physical as well as mental wellbeing. Henderson identified a person’s environment as external elements that help to mold and shape an organisms life and physical change; three areas of environment that are important are biological, physical and behavioral (Masters, 2015). Biological includes anything that is living and breathing organism, such as flora and vertebrate, physical components like basic elements for life such as the sun, elemental chemicals and compounds. Both physical and biological elements work harmoniously together in symbiosis, when something changes it affects the whole ecological system and puts a strain on the symbiotic relationship of the physical and biological environment (Masters, 2015). Behavioral health influences the person and is the last component of environment; influencers include socioeconomic elements, political, cultural, and spiritual aspects. Health was not a component of Henderson concept that was clearly defined but Henderson did imply that health was in relation to one’s independence (Masters, 2015). Basically, the 14 components of basic needs relate to the persons health as health relates to independence with activities of daily living. Nursing is very clearly defined by Virginia Henderson and she has one of the best known definitions of nursing. According to Virginia Burggraf (2012) Virginia Henderson defined nursing as: the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible. As for advanced practice nursing fields Virginia Henderson was a proponent for nurses to be independent practitioners she may have not wanted full practice independence as she was not for nurses taking on what she perceived as physician duties such as diagnosis, treatment, and making judgment calls (Masters, 2015). Proposition of Concepts Masters (2015) suggest that nurses are viewed as a helper, assistant and companion to a patient’s health role and wellbeing. The relationship aspect is that when a patient is sick the nurse helps the patient to get better and recover, while the patient is in rehabilitation role the nurse assists the patients in achieving independence. Lastly the nurse is a companion during planning of care, goal setting, and preventive maintenance initiatives. Assumptions of Needs Theory According to Masters (2015) there are seventeen assumptions of the Needs theory that were implicated from Henderson’s theory they include: Nurses must assist people with illnesses; nurses must collaborate within an interdisciplinary team and become independent professionally from the physician; 14 concepts of nursing describe patient needs and complete nursing functions; goals are achieved with a symbiotic relationship between patient and nurse with health promotion as the nurses main goal; patient and family are one with mind and body being one within the person; assist patient with independence while the patient controls their physiological and psychological harmony; people function in health at all times and must maintain independence and relationships; people maintain health status with knowledge and awareness; illness effects environment conditions and nurses should maintain a safe environment; nurses must be culturally competent and must maintain best practice methods wh ile relying on evidence-based research methods. As explained above the four major concepts were defined by Virginia Henderson that also describes the four metaparadigm’s as Henderson theory is the foundation of nursing practice. Henderson theory does include sub-concepts which will be explained. These 14 sub-concepts are: normal respiration, proper nutrition and hydration, waste elimination and management, mobility for posture maintenance, sleep and relaxation, proper appearance and grooming, thermoregulation through external factors, safe environment and preventive injury, communicate emotional concerns and distress, spiritual worship, career leading to achievement, recreational activities, and utilization of health resources and using healthcare facilities (Vera, 2014b). These are all relevant elements to an APRN as these can be used within assessment towards finding the patient’s independence level and to assess patient’s assistance in obtaining or maintaining activities of daily living for basic needs (Mas ters, 2015). Theoretical Clarity and Applicability Virginia Henderson theory is very easily understandable and covers a broad range of nursing especially the APRN as independence was a goal for Henderson’s nursing goal besides patient’s health promotion. The definition of nursing is clear and very lucid and applicable to her assumptions and components of theory. Since it was not her motive to come up with a nursing theory consistency within the theory is adequate though death is not clarified as she maintains that nurses should be there for patient death and comfort but no suggestion as what one must do or grief assistance with the family and patient. Theory Sub-concepts in Practice and Guidance of Nursing Actions Utilizing Virginia Henderson’s basic needs theory and its 14 concepts will be beneficial in my practice as a new Family Nurse Practitioner. As I would like to work within the emergency department, putting into action clinical provider interventions would lead to examples such as: concept of breathing normally would lead me to administer my patient oxygen with an Albuterol treatment and treat with intravenous Solu-Medrol. Eating and drinking appropriately, proper nutrition is vital for diabetes management, weight management, heart health, wound healing, autoimmune disease, and patients overall health. Body waste removal, imbalanced removal of body waste can indicate if there is an organism illness such as C. difficile, being aware of normal elimination methods and treating with antifungals and antibiotics with probiotic treatment for maintenance for good gut health. Movement and mobility, it is important to maintain my patients independence so splinting fractures from sports injuries, or advising low impact exercise and flexibility exercises to arthritic and osteoporosis patients are crucial to my practice development. Sleep and relaxation is important sub-concept of Henderson theory, maintaining my patients sleep rhythm and patterns by decreasing external stimuli while my patient is in the ED at night, and providing privacy and comfort during the day and more importantly at night will allow a calmer and more enhanced patient experience. Dressing appropriately is important to the patient’s perception of physical self and wellbeing. Being able to dress independently is an important ADL, within the ER this can be seen when patient is able to wear a gown and apply it on themselves without assistance, providing them time to dress themselves without being an inconvenience to acuity. Body temperature regulation is important to the patient’s physical health, if a patient can not regulate their temperature heat blankets or mechanical regulated blankets like a Bair hugger can be applied to maintain proper thermoregulation. Clean body and protection of the skin, importance of promoting proper body hygiene and infection prevention practices and isolation procedures for my fellow employees and nurses and educate them to teach patients as well as family upon entering the ED and seeing the patient. Avoiding a dangerous environment, it is important to teach staff to transport patients within the ED and to other areas of the hospital is important for their physical health. Properly utilizing body mechanics, identifying fall risk patients intervening by locking bed and wheelchair wheels when necessary and maintaining a clean uncluttered patient room and hallway environment for patient safety. Communication with others about feelings, it is important to use interpersonal and therapeutic communication and as a future APRN it is vital for me to actively listen to my patients and fellow team. Being able to empathize with a patient can open up to psychiatric, emotional and social traumas one may have occurred during an assessment history intake and being able to empathetically listen while making a proper medical judgement call is important for patients wellbeing. Spiritual worship is important to the person’s mental and emotional wellbeing. As an APRN allowing others cultural and spiritual options influence their medical decision needs to be respected and nurtured as vital for the patients and families. Assimilation into the healthcare system that may or may not nurture their spiritual/cultural decision. This will increase my spiritual/cultural competence. Work that increases oneself worth, important for patients mental health, leads to feelings of independence. Allowing one to continue their work and hobby benefits them to feel independent and able to fulfill their ADL’s. So maintaining ones finger after a work related accident by suturing and referral or assistance with a plastic surgeon is important knowledge to maintain in allowing ones independence. Recreation activities benefits the patients physical health, some patients come to the ED after a sports injury so maintaining a sprain ankle by wrapping it and teaching the patient to utilize crutches and slowly introduce low impact, low weight bearing exercise while teaching proper NSAID administration is important in preserving my patients future recreational activities. Normal health development and its resources, when I become a new APRN learning the different patients and diagnosis I see and utilizing a cohesive interdisciplinary team who is more knowledgeable as a resource is important for best practices towards the patient for their optimum health. Conclusion Virginia Henderson’s needs theory is applicable to many disciplines of nursing with various practice scopes. Utilizing this theory and putting it into action within practice is very adaptable and allows one to reflect on their nursing competency when it involves maintaining a person’s health promotion and independence level. As stated by Masters (2015) with Henderson’s philosophy of applying best practice methods which involve evidence-based research, advanced practice application of theory can be a foundation for their nursing process. References Burggraf, V. (2012). Overview and summary: The new millennium: Evolving and emerging nursing roles. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 17(2). doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol17No02ManOS Masters, K. (2015). Models and theories focused on nursing goals and functions. In J. B. Butts, K. L. Rich (Eds.), Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice (2nd ed., pp. 377-407). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Nicely, B., DeLario, G. T. (2011). Virginia hendersons principles and practice of nursing applied to organ donation after brain death. Progress in transplantation, 21(1), 72-77. Vera, M. (2014). Virginia henderson The first lady of nursing. Retrieved from http://nurseslabs.com/virginia-henderson/ Vera, M. (2014). Virginia henderson’s nursing need theory. Retrieved from http://nurseslabs.com/virginia-hendersons-need-theory/

The role of fire ecology in plant succession Essay -- essays research

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Succession is defined as a directional change in community composition and structure over time (Gurevitch et al, 2002). Succession is either primary or secondary. In primary succession plants grow and colonize earth for the first time. In secondary succession plants inhabit and colonize earth that was once inhabited by plants life. A wildfire is one example of secondary succession. When a disturbance in the environment occurs, such as a wildfire, either part or all of the community is destroyed. The aftermath of the wildfire leaves a barren landscape open to new growth, vegetation, and re-colonization of plant species (Gurevitch et al, 2002). Various studies have been undertaken and completed regarding the restoration and recovery of plant communities following wildfires. These studies include aspects of species richness during colonization to niche development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Mediterranean plant Banksia and Hakea have the ability to build post-fire communities rather successfully due to seed storage. Almost all of the species studied stored their seeds in dense woody fruit. In order for seed dispersal to occur leading to germination and sprouting, the fruit must be dense woody structure of the fruit must be dried. The drying of the fruit causes cracking allowing for the seeds to disperse and germinate. The addition of occasional fires to these communities allow for the drying of the fruit quicker than in its natural state (L... The role of fire ecology in plant succession Essay -- essays research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Succession is defined as a directional change in community composition and structure over time (Gurevitch et al, 2002). Succession is either primary or secondary. In primary succession plants grow and colonize earth for the first time. In secondary succession plants inhabit and colonize earth that was once inhabited by plants life. A wildfire is one example of secondary succession. When a disturbance in the environment occurs, such as a wildfire, either part or all of the community is destroyed. The aftermath of the wildfire leaves a barren landscape open to new growth, vegetation, and re-colonization of plant species (Gurevitch et al, 2002). Various studies have been undertaken and completed regarding the restoration and recovery of plant communities following wildfires. These studies include aspects of species richness during colonization to niche development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Mediterranean plant Banksia and Hakea have the ability to build post-fire communities rather successfully due to seed storage. Almost all of the species studied stored their seeds in dense woody fruit. In order for seed dispersal to occur leading to germination and sprouting, the fruit must be dense woody structure of the fruit must be dried. The drying of the fruit causes cracking allowing for the seeds to disperse and germinate. The addition of occasional fires to these communities allow for the drying of the fruit quicker than in its natural state (L...

Foxconn’s Labor Condition

Introduction (A)Background of Foxconn Foxconn is the subsidiary of the Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. , Ltd. , which is a Taiwanese multinational electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Taiwan. It is the world's largest maker of electronic components. Foxconn is primarily an original design manufacturer and its clients include major American, European and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable products manufactured by the company include iPad, iPhone, iPod, PlayStation, etc.Foxconn has factories in many different countries, which together assemble around 40 percent of consumer electronic products in the world. The reason why Foxconn become famous is that it helps Apple to assemble iPhones. In recent year, demand for Apple’s products increase dramatically. Foxconn thus mainly focus on assemble its products and receiving fewer orders from other company. However, Foxconn has been involved in several controversies, most relating to how it man ages employees in China since it is the largest private-sector employer.The employees’ suicide cases are reflecting on this problem. Therefore, Apple hired the Fair Labour Association to conduct an audit of working conditions at Foxconn in 2012. (B)Issue of the news Strike was happened in Zhengzhou factory of Foxconn in 5 October this year. Three to four thousands of employees stop working. This may affect the progress of the production line for assembling the iPhone 5. The poor working conditions are the main reason lead to the strike as Foxconn did not concern about the physical and mental health of employees.The long working hours make employees feel tired. Their effort put into the work did not have reasonable return as they only earn a very low wages for such a long working hour. Employees therefore cannot concentrate on their works. Moreover, Employees face high pressure working at Foxconn. Recent news had pointed out that Foxconn workers were fail to meet the high prod uct quality standard of Apple, because the structure of Iphone 5 is more complicated and workers have not been given enough training before they start their work, so high failure rate is obtained.The long working hour and the unsatisfactory in the production of the iPhone 5 make employees therefore face tremendous psychological pressure. Although the spokesperson explains it is only the employee dispute and will not affect the factory production. We disagreed that the strike did not bring any negative impact to Foxconn. In this report, we will examine the consequences of the strike and recommend suitable methods to solve the problem in order to minimize those negative impacts bring to the Foxconn. CausesFLA has investigated that Foxconn was fail to provide reasonable work time, compensation as well as working condition for the workers. For instance, more than 40 percent of workers had experienced or witnessed an industrial accident in the factory. (A)Long working hour with low wages The long working hour is unreasonable to the workers. In Foxconn, workers have to work for twelve hours per day excluding overtime working but they only have two to three holidays per month. Thus, they need to work over seventy hours per week and they can only get one holiday after working for ten to fourteen days.The average number of hours worked per week at Foxconn is found to be exceeded both the Fair Labor Association (FLA) Code Standard of sixty hours per week and the Chinese legal limits of forty hours per week. The wages of the workers are also relatively low. After raising the wage in 2010, the basis wage of a worker is about two thousand dollars per month. It is not reasonable for such a long working hour but the wages is so low. If the workers want to earn more, they need to work over time so that they can earn about four thousand dollars in which over 70% of the wage are overtime pay, reward and allowance. B)High pressure Leadership had high demand requirement for the q uality of iPhone 5, for example the appearance of effect can only within 0. 02 millimeters. But Foxconn did not provide any training course for employees, employee faced difficulties in producing such perfect iPhone 5 under the strict requirement. Supervisor blamed the assembly workers every day not only because of the failure in producing the perfect product but also because of receiving so many complaints about the appearance of iPhone 5 from all over the world. In Foxconn, worker is like a machine.Workers are specialized to maximize the productivity of the factory. They are required to complete each action in two seconds. Furthermore, workers who go to toilet more than ten minutes, talk or fail to meet the product targets will receive warning or even dismiss. The workers therefore are under pressure due to the tight schedule and the dissatisfaction of the products’ quality from the ultimate users, the supervisor and themselves. Consequemces Employee is a very important ass et of a company as it can’t function well without enough manpower.It is very obvious in the manufacturing company that without enough workers it cannot produce the goods on time which may affect their profit as well as their reputation. Foxconn may need to delay or even fail in delivering the iPhone 5 to Apple on time due to the strike. It may need to compensate the loss that Apple incurred due to the insufficient supplies of iPhone 5 which may decrease the profit estimated by Foxconn. Also, the complexity in producing the iPhone 5 may increase the cost of production as the raw materials used may be more than expected while the imperfect iPhone 5 provided for Apple may affect the reputation of Foxconn.Besides, Foxconn’s bargaining power may decrease due to the failure in providing the products that the customers wanted. Recommedations We are confident that Foxconn may suffer loss due to the strike and we are going to give some recommendations to Foxconn in order to min imize the potential loss that may incur. We suggest Foxconn to increase the basic salary, hire more employees and provide more training to solve the above problems. (A)Increase basisc salary Employees in Foxconn receive low basic salary and they have to work overtime in order to earn enough money for maintain their living standard.According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the consumer price index of food, clothes and necessity increased by 5%, 3. 1% and 2. 2% respectively in October (compared to same period last year). ( http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/jdsj/t20121112_402850686. htm). The inflation further increases workers’ burden of living. If Foxconn increase workers’ basic salary then they do not need to work overtime which may shorten their working hour. (B)Hire more employees Employing more workers can also shorten working hours.Foxconn is now using two-shift system, so workers need to work for twelve hours per day. If more workers are employed and three-shift system is used, workers only need to work for eight hours per day. Under this system, the factory can still maintain 24-hours operation while workers have shorter working hours. Besides, employing more workers can release workers’ great pressure. Workers are required to maintain high efficiency, so they are not allowed to do unnecessary things even talking and smiling.Based on the investigation, nearly half of the employees feel stressed while working (http://cn. nytimes. com/article/business/2012/11/06/cc06foxconn/zh-hk/? pagemode=print). If Foxconn employ more workers to share the heavy work load, workers do not need to work with the unreasonable high efficiency. Then, their high pressure can be released. (C)Provide more training By providing training resource to frontline workers, the workers are able to much more familiar with the technical knowledge of the products, and lower failure rate which may also reduce their pressure.For example, Foxconn can invite a specialist from Apple Incorporation, in order to introduce or demonstrate the technical knowledge about product manufacturing in front of the frontline workers. Therefore, the probability of making mistakes decrease, workers will not be punished and they can be more relaxed. Although the above practice will raise the operating cost of the factory, the potential benefits can resolve the existing problems of the company that is the settlement of the worker’s strike. How can the recommendation be beneficial to Foxconn The suggestion we recommended not only minimize the potential losses that may incur.It can also improve the overall situation of Foxconn in management accounting perspective. (A)Higher fixed cost structure Hiring additional employees lead to an increase in fixed cost, while increase in overtime pay rate lead to an increase on variable cost. Since the specialist salary and training materials are usually a fixed amount, the overall training cost is regarded as fixed cost in general. With the assumption that China has great growth potential, and the global economic atmosphere will be improved in the coming future, a low variable cost tructure and higher contribution margin ratio are most preferred. The reason is that Foxconn’s profit will increase more rapidly as sales increase, in other words, greater profit can be resulted in good years. In addition, our recommendation helps workers are able to take enough rest, so that higher efficiency can be achieved. (B)Ethical concern – CSR Apart from amending the cost structure of Foxconn, we suggest the management should take account of corporate social responsibility in decision making process.With reference to the article of Foxconn worker condition, they received low paid relative to excessive worktime and they suffer in high working pressure, especially in assembling the Iphone 5. By introducing corporate social responsibility, Foxconn should consider the needs of all stakeholders incl uding employees when making decisions. In details, it should provide safe and humane working conditions for workers. Also, it should pay fair compensation and provide opportunities for training, promotion and personal development.According to KPMG International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2011, reputation on brand, ethical considerations and employees’ motivation are top 3 businesses imperative that drive companies into corporate social responsibility. It indicates how companies enjoy the result of corporate responsibility. Except voluntarily fulfilling the moral obligation, a company can develop a good image in society which enables them to attract loyal customers. With the positive reputation, the company will be distinguished from the others and become the customers’ preference.Besides, employees tend to stay in the company with goodwill and work hard with the enjoyment of being ethic. Thus, corporate responsibility increases employees’ loyal ty and productivity. The potential benefits of corporate social responsibility will be the incentive of Foxconn to take their employees into consideration and provide better support for them in decision making process. Conclusion To sum up, we think that the strike may bring negative impacts to Foxconn and it should find ways to prevent it and solve it as soon as possible in order to minimize the loss which may incur.Our recommendations of hiring additional employees and providing training resources will lead to an increase in fixed cost, and net income will decrease consequently with the assumption that the variable cost keep constant. However, we believed that the decrease in profit can be compensated by the overall benefit bring to Foxconn by increasing the workers’ morale, production efficiency and higher product quality. More importantly, it helps Foxconn to create a positive public image. Since our recommendation will lead to a significant increase in fixed cost, Foxcon n should pay attention to its sales volume.It is because increase in fixed cost will lead to an increase in break-even sales volume, so margin of safety will be dropped consequently. It means that the risk of incurring a loss will become higher. Therefore, Foxconn should ensure that current sales level should above or equal the break-even sales volume, and prevent from emerging loss. However, it is expected that Foxconn can still have a steady growth in sales volume in the coming future, because there is still huge demand in Apple products.

Cynddylan on a Tractor Essay Example

Cynddylan on a Tractor Essay Example Cynddylan on a Tractor Paper Cynddylan on a Tractor Paper Essay Topic: W H auden Poems Discuss the infinite variety of complaints shown in different forms in the poems The Unknown Citizen by W. H. Auden, Naming of Parts by Henry Reed, Cynddylan on a Tractor by R. S. Thomas and Do not go gentle into that Good Night by Dylan Thomas. Each of these four poems has a prominent theme of complaints or complaining, although each poem laments about something different. The poets use a variety of linguistic techniques to display their feelings to complain and vent their anger, including tonal shifts and the use of words from certain semantic fields. The Unknown Citizen by W. H. Auden is an ode to mediocrity. It complains about the way people are numbered and labelled by various organisations so that they can be clustered and sorted to generate lists of facts and figures about society in general. It is also a complaint about the boring and pointless life, that people are said to have, projected by these details. Audens use of language within this poem is particularly interesting and he uses a variety of linguistic techniques to get his point across. The title itself, The Unknown Citizen, has connotations to the famous Unknown Soldier, which represents all missing soldiers, and the reader immediately associates the two, connecting this Unknown Citizen to be representative of all normal people. The title indicates that the person described in the poem is completely unknown and Auden backs this point up with the number he gives the citizen, indicating that this person is so anonymous he is only justifiably identified by a number and not a name. Auden varies the length of lines dramatically throughout the poem and this is perhaps to add swiftness and pace to a mediocre subject, however Auden does use enjambment, i. e. He worked in a factory and never got fired/But satisfied his employers, Fudge Motors Inc. to continue his feelings onto the next line. The effect of this enjambment is that the syntax, rhythm and thought are continued onto the next line, whilst ensuring that the lines are not too long (as this would reduce the poems rapidity). Auden writes in rhyme to give this poem regularity and pace and uses rhyming couplets, such as the question is absurd/we should certainly have heard; to give the poem (or its verses) definite, tidy endings. One very interesting observation on Audens use of language is that he does not use a very critical and complaining lexis, but prefers to grumble through the use of irony, a technique used throughout the poem. For example, he suggests that it takes important psychologists to work out that He (i. e.the subject of the poem) was popular with his mates, which is hardly surprising as everyone is popular with friends, and that it took researchers to discover that he held the proper opinions for that time of year, which suggests that opinions are only seasonal and do not depend on the persons character. Auden complains by pointing out the irony in grouping an unknown person into a group to find out who they were and what they were like and tries to draw attention to the fact that there is no such thing as an average person. Auden wants the reader of his poem to discover that the pompous views of such psychological and educational organisations hold no value when talking about an individual person, which is why he rants about the boring and pointless life such average people are supposed to lead. Henry Reeds Naming of Parts demonstrates the contrast between the harsh realities of the military with the beliefs of a romantic young soldier. In the context of a complaint, it laments about the everyday mechanical organisation of the military and perhaps is a complaint that there is no romance in the daily life of a recruit, or perhaps in life itself. Reed uses the contrasting halves of each verse to illustrate the vast difference between the unforgiving, monotonous, mechanical organisation in the armed forces and the romantic visions of a young poet. He does this by distinguishing between the cold and emotionless drill instructions for army recruits and the passionate beliefs he embraces. Like W. H. Auden, he fails to use a lexis that is very critical or complaining, but instead uses two contrasting lexis to poetically describe natures romance, where words such as blossom and glistens are used, and the opposing mechanical structures he deals with, where Reed uses words including flick and swivel. To complain, Reed uses a technique of repeating what his drill instructor has said and almost translating it into his own, amorous tongue. An example of this is when he converts the drill instructors directions on how to slide the bolt rapidly backwards and forwards to open the breech of a gun to a sexual metaphor of bees rapidly assaulting and fumbling the flowers. The effect these translations have on Reeds piece is that they add overemphasis (they are hyperboles) on the romance in nature and they intrude and ignore the voice of his unromantic drill instructor. Instead of openly complaining about the mechanical tone of life, Reed overrides his teachers commands with romantic notions. Cynddylan on a Tractor by R. S. Thomas is essentially a complaint about the removal of man from the soil and his dependence on machinery. The quote Hes a new man now, part of the machine sums up Thomas belief that when man meets machine then the person ceases to be human. Thomas uses an irregular rhythm, some lines link whilst others dont, to highlight the modifications in the relationship between man and earth. Like W. H. Auden, R. S. Thomas uses enjambment to link ideas to one another, to ensure that the syntax, rhythm and thought of one line are continued onto the next, whilst ensuring that the lines are not too long and an example of enjambment in this poem is Mirror of silence, emptying the wood/Of foxes and squirrels and bright jays. Thomas also uses other linguistic techniques to convey his message, including personification to present things which are not human as if they were human, i. e. His nerves of metal and His blood oil link Cynddylan to the machine and presents him as part of the mechanism. Another interesting element of the poem is where Thomas says His engine runs on a different fuel. This likens Cynddylan to the tractor as it describes Cynddylan as having an engine and having to guzzle fuel as opposed to food like other humans. The lexis used within this poem is often associated with machinery, with words such as metal, oil and fuel often being used to show similarities between the tractor and its driver.

How is love presented in Twelfth Night Essays

How is love presented in Twelfth Night Essays How is love presented in Twelfth Night Paper How is love presented in Twelfth Night Paper Essay Topic: Play Twelfth Night Shakespeares Twelfth Night is in essence a romantic comedy. The theme of love is implemented into both the main and sub plots throughout the endurance of the play; doing so from different perspectives and an array of forms. The other themes in Shakespeares play, such as madness and humour, all coincidentally have an inextricable link with one another. The emphasis of love in Shakespeares plots have been built upon the foundations of disguise and deceit; and as a result, enhances the humour and entertainment of the overall play. Shakespeare typically ends Twelfth Night like all his other romantic comedies, with love prevailing in the end with a marriage; or in this case, a series of marriages. The most glaringly obviously form of love in the play is romantic love, which interestingly enough is never taken from a realistic perspective from any of the leading characters contributing to the theme. For example, the play opens with a speech by the most powerful man in the play, Duke Orsino, who starts by saying If music be the food of love, play on. This basically establishes right from the opening of the play that Twelfth Night is based on love. Orsinos opening line is promptly contradicted in line 7 when he says Enough, no more; Tis not so sweet as it was before. This opening segment basically explains to the audience that they should not be surprised if a characters perspective of love is seen as fantasy like and differs from their own perspective. Orsinos character is the first to be exposed in the play, which Shakespeare has used to create an immediate impact on the audience. Orsino is obviously new to the emotion of love and his contradiction in speech supports this. He is ignorant to the feeling and therefore does not posses any knowledge of the significance of love as witnessed through his later actions. Although Orsino can be seen to be naive of what love entails, his character begins the line of a host of others who are similarly as ignorant and unaware as himself, but takes the aspect of love from a different perspective. Orsino defines love through a series of metaphors as opposed to a literal, face value narrative. For example, he personifies love as a predator like fell and cruel hounds, Eer since pursue me, and as a disease Methought she purgd the air of pestilence. The combination of these metaphors with his poetic form (whilst most of the other characters speak in prose), aid Orsino in disguising his ignorance of love to both the audience and the other characters of the play. The personification of love is used on various occasions in Twelfth Night, as well as a predator and a disease, love is personified as madness midsummer madness and the sea Recieveth as the sea. Orsinos self-indulgent love and fantasy like observation of love are confirmed through his arrogance. Although Orsino is an amiable character within the play, he stills holds up a stigma of arrogance, maintaining the confidence that has the ability to do anything he pleases. To pay this debt of love but to a brother; upon hearing that Olivia wished to be with no man for 7 years, Orsino finds optimism within the news. Instead of giving up on love that is unrequited by Olivia, he carried on his pursuit of her heart. There are no reservations, in his mind, that she will fall in love with him in the end. In light of all this insight into Orsinos character, it would not be an astonishment to learn that Orsino was not actually in love with Olivia but in love with the idea of being in love; and being of such high status in society, Orsino felt that he could never fall victim to defeat in anything, including love. Although Olivia does not return Orsinos love, she is also a target of self-love. Olivia persistently talks of her beauty throughout the endurance of the play. She also holds up part of an equilateral love triangle between herself, Orsino and Viola. She was in love with Cesario who was in love with Orsino who was in love with Olivia. The love between the three is all in conflict with one another, with other characters such as Sebastian and particularly Malvolio taking part in the angle. Olivia emphasises with Orsinos hurt and craving for love, although her love for Cesaio is somewhat repressed. Olivia and Viola also share common ground with the love of a sibling. This form of love is the only type of love in which the person loving has nothing to gain; the love is selfless. Olivia demonstrates this love in a very dramatic fashion as she will not behold her face at ample view; for 7 years, an eternity during Shakespeares time when life expectancy was much lower. With each day in the 7 years, she would cry With eye-offending brine. This vow that she made demanded much more than what she could handle. However, her vow was short lived as she revealed the picture to Viola soon after. This gives us the impression that Olivias attitude towards love should not be taken seriously. On the other hand, Viola mourns respectfully for her brother O my poor brother! and instead of dwelling over his death with the intention of living with that burden; Viola opts to move on with her life in Illyria. Violas love for Orsino has a direct humour correlation with Olivias love for Cesario. Both add the comedy aspect to the emotional situation of love. Olivia does not acknowledge the fact that Cesario is actually a woman, which provides humour in itself as the audience sees a man dressed as a woman fall in love with a man who plays a woman acting like a man. Violas love for Orsino entails the same humour, but the humour intensified by the fact that Viola continuously drops hints to Orsino that Cesario is a woman, in the hope he may recognise her riddles, I am all the daughters of my fathers house, And all the brothers too. The most obvious case of self-love in Twelfth Night came in the form of Malvolio, the dislikeable character of the play. Olivia describes Malvolio of being sick of self-love. Malvolio is a condescending, self-righteous, puritan type, character. Malvolio is immediately mesmerised with the idea of becoming Count Orsino and immediately believes Olivia loves him. However, the driving force behind his feelings for Olivia are clearly for his promotion up the ranks and lust. Malvolio becomes obsessed with the idea of sex when he completely abandons his beliefs as a puritan and aims sexual connotations towards Olivia, To bed? Ay sweetheart, and Ill come to thee. The whole scheme behind the gulling of Malvolio brings out humour and entertainment; whose self-love brought him down.

Reaction paper 6 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction paper 6 - Article Example The once famous off shoring and outsourcing strategies are not as beneficial to the companies as it used to be. Companies like Ford motors are reconsidering closing their subsidiaries located in the foreign countries (Here, there and everywhere par. 4-15). The reason for this major reorganization is the constantly increasing cost of labor in countries that once provided the cheapest labor in the world. The increasing cost of labor in countries like China deprives the companies that have their existence in China, an opportunity to generate high revenues. Second, most companies have realized that it is highly risky to produce in a foreign country away from the major market target. The disadvantage this creates is a low response to the change in consumer needs due to the extended time between acquiring the information and implementing a strategy to respond to the consumers needs. This renders most companies less competitive. Third, the off shoring has another side effect that is the increased transportation cost due to shipments made over a long distance. Fourth, the distance proved to destabilize the supply chain of most companies. The named emerging pitfalls of off shoring have forced most companies to move their operating location bac k home. This major reorganization also applies to the service industry. This trend is likely to cause an explosion of job opportunities in the U.S, thus increase the employment rate. Therefore, the U.S job market could run short of employees in the short-term (Here, there and everywhere par. 4-15). There is a heated debate about the effect of technology on employment. Some argue that the increasing sophistication in the technological environment reduces the level of employment as computers and robots replace human labor. This section of people justifies their point by sitting the increase in productivity levels in the U.S while the unemployment rates decrease. Another section of people with a

Alternative Solutions to Change of Google Corporation Essay

Alternative Solutions to Change of Google Corporation - Essay Example In 2004 a company that was already millions of dollars in revenue decided to go public to spur the company long-term growth potential. The Google IPO on April 30, 2004, raised $2.7 billion dollars (Monica, 2004). Today Google is the market leader in search engine industry with a 50% market share and also controls 70% of all internet based advertising revenue. During the 3rd quarter of 2008 Google generated $5.54 billion dollars in revenues (Google, 2008). Â  Google handle half the traffic over the internet today. Its information system has access to nearly 25 billion web pages. The information technology (IT) infrastructure the company utilizes is composed of 450,000 inexpensive servers spread around 25 nations worldwide. The system is very cost effective because not only is the company achieving cost savings in hardware, the software utilized to program the servers is a customized version of the freeware Linux operating system. Google’s superior MIS design provides the company a 3 to 1 cost advantage in comparison with its competitor in order to achieve a comparable computing power. There are three key software applications that optimize the efficiency of the system. The MapReduce software system provides a programming model that simplifies processing. The WorkQueue system allows grouping of queries and schedules to perform distributed processing, while the Google File System serves the function of safe proofing the data by k eeping copies of the data in several places to prevent loss of information in case part of the system crashes. Â  Google has excelled in the online advertisement industry. Google has a technology that creates a correlation between the contents of a page and the potential advertisers. The technology creates online ad campaigns that are more relevant than the competitors can provide.