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Graphene Polymer Composite Introduction to Graphene - 5225 Words

Graphene Polymer Composite: Introduction to Graphene, Structure of Graphene (Research Paper Sample) Content: Graphene Polymer CompositeNameCourseDate:AbstractDespite graphene not being a new material, it has captured the attention of various scientific scholars due to its remarkable characteristics and benefits. In its simplest form, graphene is a single carbon sheet of precisely one atom thickness. Graphene has been publicized as a great material or wonder which has caused numerous research and development in its applications. This study examined graphene at wider discernment. It examined the general relation of graphene to composite materials and its structure, production methods and properties of graphene/ polymer nanocomposites. The properties of graphene/ polymer nanocomposites were explored in depth to bring an understanding to the uniqueness of graphene.Table of Content:1. What is a composites material?....................................................................................31.1 Reinforcement:.31.2 Matrices:...32. Types of composite materials: ............. ........................................................................43. An Introduction to Graphene: ....................................................................................44. The structure of Graphene: .........................................................................................55. A Comparison between Graphene composite polymers and other composites:.........56. The methods of production: .......................................................................................56.1 Micromechanical exfoliation or direct exfoliation of graphite....................66.2 Chemical reduction of (GO) ............................................................................76.3 Graphite Oxide.................................................................................................76.4 thermal exfoliation and reduction: ..................................................................77. Dispersion of Graphene into Polymers: ............................. .......................................88. Properties of graphene / polymer Nanocomposites: .................................................88.1 Electrical Conductivity: .................................................................................98.2 Thermal Conductivity: ..................................................................................98.3 Mechanical Properties: ..................................................................................98.4 Thermocalorimetric Transitions: ..................................................................98.5 Dimensional Stability: .....................................................................................98.6 Gas permeation: ................................................................................................98.7 Thermal Stability:..............................................................................................9Bibliography:.............................................................. ............................................10Graphene Polymer Composite 1 What is a composites material?Composite materials are a combination of two different kinds of materials and sometime more than two materials. The two combined materials work together to produce the unique composite properties. The difference between the materials can; however, be observed as the materials do not blend or dissolve into each other. In most cases, one of these materials has different properties than the other material. The important thing is that when these two materials work together; they will give a new material, which is called composite material. This composite has unique properties. However, the arrangements of these materials occur without mixing the composite to form one phase such as alloys. To be more specific, they do not dissolve with each other. In general, the quality of composite material depends on the integration between the process of the specification of the material and the d esign of the composite (Hull and Clyne 1996).1.1 Reinforcement (fibres).According to Hayes et al. (2010), composites are produced using materials in which a homogenous matrix constituent is reinforced using a stronger and rigid constituent that is in most case fibrous; however, it may have another shape or particulate. For instance, a fiver reinforced plastic is a thermosetting polyester matrix that contains glass fibber. In fibbers, matrix plays a critical role of protecting the fibbers from abrasion and attack from the environment (Hayes et al. 2010). Glass and metal are available as matrix materials, although they are expensive and restricted to R D laboratories. For this reason, polymers are more frequently used. In daily activities, various engineering structures are needed to bear heavy loads, which make the greatest interest of material property to be its strength (Hayes et al. 2010). There are many functions of the reinforcement materials. One of the important functions of these materials is their mechanical effect in lifting applied loads. Another role of the reinforcement is to provide the stiffness, strength, thermal stability and the other structural properties in the composite. It is important to know that the type of fibre, which is used as reinforcement, has a clear effect on some properties such as electrical conductivity and isolation.1.2 MatricesIn relation to the matrices, Matrices have main functions as well. One of these functions is to transfer the load to the reinforcement, which is in this case fibre. Moreover, matrices bind fibres together and give the whole composite rigidity and shape. In addition, matrices protect reinforcement fibres form environmental attack.2. Types of Composite Materials:There are different kinds of composite materials. The most common is the kind divided into two factors. The first composite is that with the structure of reinforcement inside the matrix. For instance, particle reinforced composites, Short fibre - whisker reinforced, Continuous fibre (monofilament) and Laminate composite; and fibre reinforcement composites. Such kinds of composites cover a wider range of various material combinations. The most common is the polymer matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites and metal matrix composites.Figure 1: Different types of reinforcement for compositesThe other factor is the materials that are used to produce fibres and matrices as well. The common examples for these materials are metal materials, ceramic materials and polymer materials. However, most composites in the industrial use are based on polymeric material. Polymer materials can be divided into two parts. The first one is thermosets and the second one is thermoplastic. The two of them are usually reinforced with aligned ceramic fibres such as glass, organic and carbon. It should be taken in consideration that graphene is one form of ceramic materials which is similar to carbon structure, despite not being a fibre.3. An Int roduction to Graphene:In the last two decades, the Graphene was a novel material, which became one of the materials that attract engineers especially in many applications around the world whether in the academic side or industrial side. Some of its applications are applied in the aerospace, automobile and defences industries (Du and Cheng 2012). However, what does make Graphene distinguishable in comparison to other materials is a question must be asked in order to identify Graphene among the other materials particularly in comparison to metal materials as an example. It should be taking in consideration that Graphene is among the large group of reinforcement polymers, which can be used in polymer composite materials (Das and Prusty 2013). Nevertheless, Graphene is special because it has an exceptional specific modulus and specific strength, as well. In addition, Graphene is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. Graphene is also relatively simple in treatment and fabricati on processes (Potts et al. 2010).4. The Structure of Graphene:In relation to the structure of Graphene, it is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp 2 bonded of carbon atoms and arranged in a two dimension hexagonal lattice or chicken wire pattern whereas benzene is the repeating structural unit for graphene. There are some expectations that are expected by researchers that Graphene will be the thinnest and strongest material in the world (Du and Cheng 2012). Moreover, Graphene is the base of all graphitic forms including zero-dimensional fullerenes (0D), one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (1D),three-dimensional graphite (3D) and (2D) for...

High School Science Research Paper Topics About Space

High School Science Research Paper Topics About SpaceHigh school science research papers are really a fun topic to choose and write about. This is due to the fact that there are so many different types of topics that you can choose from. That is why this is such a good option for those of you who want to be successful in getting an academic credit.When you are working on this type of project, it is going to take a lot of your time and effort. So to make sure that you will be able to get it all done, you are going to need to think about the topics that you want to focus on. You should do some research on the subject matter. That way you will be able to find out what they are talking about and know how many topics that they cover each year.In addition to that, you should also think about the special topics that they have that are commonly used by high school students in their research paper topics about space. These topics include things like the Moon Landing, the Voyager Spacecraft, t he Earth, the Sun, the Planets, and the Sun's Effects on Astronomy. You should definitely be able to focus on the topics that they have.You should also make sure that you are able to create a good argument for your papers before you send them to get the academic credit. This is because you should be able to explain in your writing that you have done all the research on the topic. This will help you stand out from the other students and show your importance in your class.Some of the other common topics that are commonly used are topics about the effects of the Moon on Astronomy, planets around the Sun, and the Earth. The topics may vary based on the topic that you choose. You should also make sure that you research any specific information that is included in the topic. That way, when you are finishing up your research, you will have enough information to come up with the best argument that you can create.It may be hard to find the right topics for your high school science research p aper topics about space. That is why you should be able to ask any teacher that you have in your class to help you find the right topic for your project. You should also take advantage of the resources that are available online to help you in your project.Most of these resources are freely available and can be found for free. These resources can help you find the topics that you will need to come up with great arguments and the kind of paper that you are going to be proud of. You should also be able to look at the topic list and figure out what topics you should be concentrating on.If you are not quite sure what to research and write about for your high school science research paper topics about space, then it is a good idea to know about the topics that are commonly used. This will help you come up with the best argument that you can make. Plus, it will also help you focus your work as you continue through your project.

High School Science Research Paper Topics About Space

High School Science Research Paper Topics About SpaceHigh school science research papers are really a fun topic to choose and write about. This is due to the fact that there are so many different types of topics that you can choose from. That is why this is such a good option for those of you who want to be successful in getting an academic credit.When you are working on this type of project, it is going to take a lot of your time and effort. So to make sure that you will be able to get it all done, you are going to need to think about the topics that you want to focus on. You should do some research on the subject matter. That way you will be able to find out what they are talking about and know how many topics that they cover each year.In addition to that, you should also think about the special topics that they have that are commonly used by high school students in their research paper topics about space. These topics include things like the Moon Landing, the Voyager Spacecraft, t he Earth, the Sun, the Planets, and the Sun's Effects on Astronomy. You should definitely be able to focus on the topics that they have.You should also make sure that you are able to create a good argument for your papers before you send them to get the academic credit. This is because you should be able to explain in your writing that you have done all the research on the topic. This will help you stand out from the other students and show your importance in your class.Some of the other common topics that are commonly used are topics about the effects of the Moon on Astronomy, planets around the Sun, and the Earth. The topics may vary based on the topic that you choose. You should also make sure that you research any specific information that is included in the topic. That way, when you are finishing up your research, you will have enough information to come up with the best argument that you can create.It may be hard to find the right topics for your high school science research p aper topics about space. That is why you should be able to ask any teacher that you have in your class to help you find the right topic for your project. You should also take advantage of the resources that are available online to help you in your project.Most of these resources are freely available and can be found for free. These resources can help you find the topics that you will need to come up with great arguments and the kind of paper that you are going to be proud of. You should also be able to look at the topic list and figure out what topics you should be concentrating on.If you are not quite sure what to research and write about for your high school science research paper topics about space, then it is a good idea to know about the topics that are commonly used. This will help you come up with the best argument that you can make. Plus, it will also help you focus your work as you continue through your project.